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Geraldine Anne Ferraro (August 26, 1935 – March 26, 2011) was an American attorney, a Democratic Party politician, and a member of the United States House of Representatives. She was the first female vice presidential candidate representing a major American political party. Ferraro grew up in New York City and worked as a public school teacher before training as a lawyer. She joined the Queens County District Attorney's Office in 1974, heading the new Special Victims Bureau that dealt with sex crimes, child abuse, and domestic violence. In 1978 she was elected to the House, where she rose rapidly in the party hierarchy while focusing on legislation to bring equity for women in the areas of wages, pensions, and retirement plans. In 1984, former vice president and presidential candidate Walter Mondale, seen as an underdog, selected Ferraro to be his running mate in the upcoming election. Ferraro became the only Italian American to be a major-party national nominee in addition to being the first woman. The positive polling the Mondale-Ferraro ticket received when she joined soon faded, as damaging questions arose about her and her businessman husband's finances and wealth and her Congressional disclosure statements. In the general election, Mondale and Ferraro were defeated in a landslide by incumbent President Ronald Reagan and Vice President George H. W. Bush. Ferraro ran campaigns for a seat in the United States Senate from New York in 1992 and 1998, both times starting as the front-runner for her party's nomination before losing in the primary election. She served as a United States Ambassador to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights from 1993 until 1996, in the presidential administration of Bill Clinton. She also continued her career as a journalist, author, and businesswoman, and served in the 2008 presidential campaign of Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton. Ferraro died on March 26, 2011, from multiple myeloma, 12 years after being diagnosed. ==Early life and education== Geraldine Ferraro was born on August 26, 1935 in Newburgh, New York, the daughter of Antonetta L. Ferraro (née Corrieri), a first-generation Italian American seamstress, and Dominick Ferraro, an Italian immigrant (from Marcianise, Campania) and owner of two restaurants.〔Ferraro and Francke, ''My Story'', p. 17.〕〔 pp. 2–3, 88–90.〕〔 She had three brothers born before her, but one died in infancy and another at age three. Ferraro attended the parochial school Mount Saint Mary's in Newburgh when she was young.〔Ferraro and Whitney, ''Framing a Life'', p. 45.〕 Her father died of a heart attack in , when she was eight.〔Ferraro, ''Framing a Life'', pp. 50–51, 54.〕 Ferraro's mother soon invested and lost the remainder of the family's money, forcing the family to move to a low-income area in the South Bronx while Ferraro's mother worked in the garment industry to support them.〔〔〔 Ferraro stayed on at Mount Saint Mary's as a boarder for a while, then briefly attended a parochial school in the South Bronx.〔 Beginning in 1947, she attended and lived at the parochial Marymount Academy in Tarrytown, New York, using income from a family rental property in Italy and skipping seventh grade.〔Ferraro, ''Framing a Life'', pp. 65–67.〕 At Marymount Ferraro was a member of the honor society, active in several clubs and sports, voted most likely to succeed,〔 and graduated in 1952.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Ferraro, Geraldine Anne (1935 – ) )〕 Her mother was adamant that she get a full education,〔Ferraro, ''Framing a Life'', pp. 70, 72.〕 despite an uncle in the family saying, "Why bother? She's pretty. She's a girl. She'll get married." Ferraro attended Marymount Manhattan College with a scholarship〔 while sometimes holding two or three jobs at the same time.〔Ferraro, ''My Story'', p. 18.〕 During her senior year she began dating John Zaccaro of Forest Hills, Queens, who had graduated from Iona College with a commission in the U.S. Marine Corps.〔Ferraro, ''Framing a Life'', p. 90.〕 Ferraro received a Bachelor of Arts in English in 1956;〔Watson, ''Anticipating Madam President'', pp. 157–160.〕 she was the first woman in her family to gain a college degree.〔 She also passed the city exam to become a licensed school teacher.〔 Ferraro began working as an elementary school teacher in public schools in Astoria, Queens,〔〔 "because that's what women were supposed to do."〔 Unsatisfied, she decided to attend law school;〔 an admissions officer said to her, "I hope you're serious, Gerry. You're taking a man's place, you know."〔Ferraro, ''Framing a Life'', p. 91.〕 She earned a Juris Doctor degree with honors from Fordham University School of Law in 1960,〔〔 going to classes at night while continuing to work as a second-grade teacher at schools such as P.S. 57 during the day.〔〔〔Ferraro, ''Framing a Life'', plate 12.〕 Ferraro was one of only two women in her graduating class of 179.〔 She was admitted to the bar of New York State in .〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Geraldine Ferraro」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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